In my work with cats at the cafe, I often hear about guests who have a family member who is allergic to cats. Sometimes they are looking for a "hypoallergenic breed". What is the cause of allergies to cats? And what breeds would be considered hypoallergenic?
There are two major causes of allergies to cats, the most common being the glycoprotein Fel d 1, which is secreted by the cat's sebaceous glands, and the second is Fel d 4, which is subfamily of proteins found in urine and other animal secretions, such as saliva. In cats, it is this protein in the saliva that is expressed onto the cat's dander during grooming, causing an allergic reaction in humans who are sensitive to it.
Breeds that are considered hypoallergenic, or allergy-friendly, include Siberian, Devon Rex, Cornish Rex, Abysynnian, Balinese, Javanese, Oriental Shorthair, Russian Blue, Bengal and, naturally, the Sphynx, a hairless cat. These breeds are known to have low levels of Fel d 1, the most common allergic protein. Female cats of these breeds tend to have a lower level of the protein than males, especially intact males. It is important to note that no breed is completely hypoallergenic, but the aforementioned breeds may reduce the adverse allergic reactions in those who are sensitive.
If you or a family member are looking for a hypoallergenic breed, you can always start with your local animal shelter, as they often have purebred cats available for adoption, after being surrendered by breeders. There are also purebred cat rescues who may be able to help you find your forever feline pal. Adopt, don't shop!
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